Sex Education Should Be Legal - 2009 Words

Most couples never expect to have trouble with starting a family. After all, our parents talked to us about the â€Å"birds and the bees† and our teachers made us sit through that awkward sex education class in school, both making our young minds believe that having sex just one time would result in pregnancy. Then you get older and are ready to have a family and come to realize that there is a lot more to getting pregnant than just having sex. There is this magic time in a women’s cycle called ovulation; there is a short 24 hour window for the egg to be fertilized; there is a 20-25% chance for even a healthy couple to get pregnant each month, etc., etc., etc. All of this comes as a shock since we spend so many years trying not to get pregnant†¦show more content†¦Infertility has changed me in more ways than I could have ever imagined; some for the good, some for the bad, and some for the ugly. The ugly and the bad of our infertility journey Poor emotional health and jealousy: When being told my husband and I had a 2% chance of conceiving without infertility treatments, I knew we were in for a bumpy road. Looking back, I wish the road was just bumpy, instead of the massive boulders that constantly crushed my emotional health. The longer our battle with infertility remained, the lesser able I was to savor the great things and enjoy the fun in life. I had reached the lowest point I had ever been in my life. I was consumed by sadness and had to consciously work on being happy. I was extremely bitter and jealous of any woman with a growing belly or a new baby. Severe pre and post-natal anxiety: Fast forward to my pregnancy. Being told after our seventh infertility treatment that we were pregnant was the most incredible feeling I had ever felt. I remember the day I got the call from our nurse like it was yesterday. I could restate all of the details of where I was, what I was wearing, what I was doing; it was a magical moment. Around 20 weeks into my pregnancy, I developed insanely intense prenatal anxiety. I had been through so much heartache and pain to get pregnant that when I finally did, of course I was beyond excited, but also terrified that this dream I was living was going toShow MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Legal?987 Words   |  4 Pageschildren should learn in school. While some schools cater to religion being taught the same thing is not set in place for sex education. Many believe that sex education is vital in today’s world. Meanwhile others feel that the sex talk should be left up to the parents. With pregnancy rates going up and adolescents getting pregnant younger soon there will not be a choice. One thing is certain that public schools should educate children in some way. Nevertheless not all parts of sex education will beRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Legal?1680 Words   |  7 PagesSex: the elephant in the room no one likes to talk about. It is a natural act humans have done for years but also a taboo to show or acknowledge. Sex, despite being taboo, is omnipresent. It is present in discussions of God, television, dating, and other areas, all of which have played a role into my understanding of sex and sexuality. However, public education has ultimately been the main factor in maintaining my personal safe sex life. Many parents debate whether sex education should remain inRead MoreSex Education Should Be Legal Essay1891 Words   |  8 Pagesyear, and 50% of new HIV infections occur in individuals under the age of 25 (Beh 22). This can partly be attributed to the state of sex educa tion in the United States. Only 24 states require sex education be taught in schools and only 20 of those require the information to be ‘medically, factually, or technically accurate’ (â€Å"State Policies†). Abstinence-only education has been proven to be ineffective in reducing rates of teen pregnancies, STDs, and the consequences of both; has a lack of public support;Read MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal Defense And Education Fund Supports Same Sex Marriage?1085 Words   |  5 Pagesis legalizing same-sex marriage. In their article, â€Å"Talking About the Freedom to Marry: Why Same-Sex Couples Should Have Equality in Marriage,† the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund supports same-sex marriage. An opposing view, is given by Robert P. George, a Princeton University professor. In his article, â€Å"The 28th Amendment: It Is Time to Protect Marriage, and Democracy, in America,† he explains why he is against same-sex marriage. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund concludes thatRead MoreMy View and Opinion on Underage Sex Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesMy View and Opinion on Underage Sex Is the age of 16 the right age for sex to be legal? Many people have their own views and beliefs and the issue is very indecisive, but is there ever going to be an age that everyone agrees is appropriate? This is what my speech is going to be about. Many people have different opinions on what they think the legal age to have sex should be. Every year more and more children are having underage sex and this number is continuing toRead MoreThe Best Kind of Sex Education708 Words   |  3 Pages There is much controversy over which form of sex education should be taught, comprehensive sex education, or abstinence-only sex education. The definition for comprehensive sex education is responsible and balanced sexuality education that seeks to assist young people in understanding a positive view of sexuality, provide them with information and skills about caring for their sexual health, and help them acquire skills to make decisions now and in the future. It is medically accurate and providesRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Respected1123 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, same-sex marriage should be respected at the same level as traditional opposite-sex marriage. â€Å"Marriage is the ultimate affirmation of a sexual relationship. Marriage is the institution in which we not only tolerate people having sex and housing children, but we encourage it and celebrate it as a society† (Foust 3). Most states attempted to avoid the same-sex marriage issue by defining marriage between man and woman, but that soon became an unexpected controversial issue (â€Å"Same-Sex MarriageRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing sex education in my classroom. The state-mandated teaching standards promoting a biased, abstinence-only program, however, do little to communicate reliable and inclusive information about sexuality. Texas provisions and education codes relating to sex education should sustain amendments that fully address the sexual health needs of every student, regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation or sexual expression. Sex Education in Texas The topic of sex education in the UnitedRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the majority opinion was an act of will, not of legal judgment. Under the Constitution, judges do have the power to say what the law is, but not what the actual law should be. Both the majority opinion and the dissenting opinions contain some language of interest concerning those who disagree with the legal conclusion based upon religious beliefs. The majority opinion makes a great statement about how many people, who were opposed of same-sex marriage to be wrong, were against it primarily basedRead MoreAbortion Essay879 Words   |  4 Pageslive or the right to decide. The debate whether abortion should be made legal continues to divide republicans and democrats long after the U.S. Supreme Court’s 7-2 decision on Roe v. Wade declaring abortion a â€Å"fundamental† right (Roe V. Wade). The conflict over abortion that was divided into two camps, Pro-Life and Pro-Choice, sparked different views in conservatives and liberals; supporters of both camps may come together to help in sex education, distribution of birth control, and protection to avoid

Gun Debate to Bear Arms Essay - 538 Words

For the last few years when you turn on the news there has been a mass shooting somewhere in the United States. This sparked up massive debates about the right to bear arms. Then lobbyists like the NRA, (National Rifle Association), step in and started to protect our rights to have firearms. Since then people all over the United States have been debating about gun rights. The Second Amendment, â€Å"a well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† is the most debated amendment in the Constitution. There are two sides to the gun debates. The first is the Gun Rights Activists. They stand for the right to carry guns for self-defense and personal†¦show more content†¦Some of these people also want to just ban guns all together. One this side there are a lot of smaller, unknown groups that support the Gun Control Lobby. Since this side has so many groups that support it, eac h group wants something a bit different. There could be a group that wants all guns to be ban from the public, where another group may just want longer background checks. This could become a really big problem because there could be debates going on inside that lobby. It is a problem because you can’t fight for something if you don’t know what that thing is. Right now this hasn’t become a problem yet because I believe for the time being they are just trying to get bans on high round magazines and assault rifles. Gun Control lobby makes a lot of good points like shooting at a cardboard box isn’t a sport and an assault weapon won’t save you. My opinion is very mixed now that looked at both sides. Before I looked in to the Gun Control side I hated it. I didn’t like the idea of someone trying to make it harder for me to shoot guns but now I am ok with some things that they say. I think both sides are wrong, Gun Rights is wrong because some of t he laws are way to loose and could have prevented some of the events; Gun Control is wrong because taking away all guns takes away a lot of jobs. But I also believe that both sides are right, Gun Rights is right because it is one of our amendments and we do have the right to own guns; Gun ControlShow MoreRelatedThe Second Amendment Of The United States1725 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Americans are deeply divided over the Second Amendment. Some passionately assert that the Amendment protects an individual’s right to own guns. Others, that it does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias† (Cornell). The Second Amendment of the constitution gives citizens the right to bear arms, and is therefore one of the most important laws of the nation. This amendment holds an important value to our nation because, it prevents tyranny but, it also protects, spreads, andRead MoreA Well Regulated Militi The Founding Fathers And The Origins Of Gun Control1472 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesOrigins of Gun Control in America By Saul Cornell Introduction The Second Amendment remains one of the most controversial pieces of legislation in the contemporary America. The onset of the controversy regarding gun ownership rights can be traced back to the nineteenth century. Some of the major events that shaped the debate on gun ownership include Shay’s Rebellion and the dispute between federalists and anti-federalists. Slavery and the abolition movement also shaped the debate on gun ownershipRead MoreThe Rights Of A Free State1118 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Lobenstein American Lit 2 December 2014 Amendment II â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† The Right to Bear Arms According to the Second Amendment, in the Bill of Rights, the rights of the people to keep and bear arms have been enacted since December 15th, 1791. Across the 223 years this amendment has been around, there has been an abundance of history behind the Second Amendment. OverRead MoreEssay about Americans Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms1556 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our rights as Americans started to take shape when the Constitution of the United States was drawn up by the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Three years later, a very important part of American history called the Bill of Rights was added. The Bill of Rights is looked upon and interpreted every day. It gives the citizens of the United States many of the rights and freedoms that we value today, and some of those areRead MoreGun Control859 Words   |  4 PagesScholarly Essay: Gun Control There has been considerable debate recently in Canada over the issue of gun control. The Canadian parliament enacted the Firearms Act to enforce gun control by requiring gun owners to register their firearms. Just recently, the government of Alberta lead in a charge, including five other provinces and numerous pro-gun groups, complaining that the law is unconst... Gun Control Gun control Gun Control Part I:Introduction The issue of gun control and violenceRead MoreThe Second Amendment vs Gun Control Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagespeople find this statement to be ridiculous. Gun control is thought of as a government policy or regulations to control or limit the sale and use of firearms. In the U.S. constitution, the 2nd Amendment states that a well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Inside America today, gun control is a major issue, especially in the political arena. People debate on the daily that not all things in societyRead MoreThe Government Authority Of The United States1558 Words   |  7 Pages2011). A big debate in recent years over whether it should be regulated by federal or state law is the debate over gun control throughout the United States. The debate over gun control in the United States today relates to the debate over federalism because of diff erent cases in recent history relating to gun control, infringement of the Second Amendment, and the unfunded mandate that goes along with the potential to ban the right to bear arms. One reason that the debate over gun control with theRead MoreDistrict of Columbia v. Heller: The Use and Permit of Handguns1529 Words   |  7 PagesWith many recent incidents that involve guns between 2012 and 2013, gun control laws have become a hot topic in America. On one hand, after the horrific incident like the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting at Newtown in 2012, most people wanting to limit guns from getting into the wrong by setting up a rigorous system that control who can and cannot obtain a gun. On the other hand, we have the people who believe that with such rigorous system in place is violated the individual rights that grantedRead MoreGun Control in America758 Words   |  4 PagesNathan 3/30/08 Gun Control in America Ever since the days of the pioneers, firearms have been an element of the American tradition as defense and a means of hunting or activity. As we progress through the 21st century the use of guns has changed significantly. The reason that the use of the gun is changing is fast and steady increase in crime and the battle for the right to have possession of a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to decrease the felony in theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 Pageswas passed under the condition that the Bill of Rights would be adopted. The Bill of Rights, at the time, consisted of 10 amendments; of these 10 comes one of the most controversial ones, the Second Amendment, which is the right for individuals to bear arms. This amendment was, and will continue to be one of the most controversial issues from the time of the ratification of the Constitution of the United States up to the 21st century. As a nation, there is still a battle between people who want to put

Native American Mascots free essay sample

North Dakota is currently in one of the biggest debates over a Native American team mascot. The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe is fighting with the University of North Dakota regarding the Fighting Sioux mascot. The Native American students have been increasing the pressure on the University to change its name. â€Å"We’re seeing more educators around the county, in middle Schools, high schools and at universities, concerned about the racial climate in schools dropping these symbols† (Johansen, 2004). Since the early 1970’s, about 1,250 of the nation’s 3,000 elementary schools, high schools, and colleges with American Indian nicknames and mascots have dropped them, said Susan Shown Harjo, president of Washington D. C. ’s Morningstar Institute (Johansen, 2001). Are we being disrespectful to the Native American people? Should the Native American people be proud that a school uses an icon as a mascot? Schools all over the country begin with a story and honoring of the Native Americans at each sporting event. Why have Native Americans asked for an end to Native American mascots? Native Americans perceive this as a racial issue. The problem has stirred up controversy because Native Americans maintain that such symbols and mascots are stereotypical and dehumanizing. They also feel it is derogatory to their tribe and people. They feel it reflects a violent caricature of Native Americans. They have heard several people make fun of the noses on the mascots. They should never use cartoons or violent images of Native Americans. One of the biggest concerns is the physiological impact that this will have on the children. For their part, many Indians feel strongly that these glorified interpretations of their past negate their right to define themselves and have a severe impact on the self-images of their children. â€Å"Copycats,† children somehow understand,† appropriate the power of the people they mimic. † These symbols are a religious significance to every tribe. This is a disrespect to imitate or misuse these symbols. The posters â€Å"Scalp the warriors,† or â€Å"Massacre the Indians. † Whether intended or not, such slogans are racial slurs. Individual tribes each have different symbols and representation. There is little regard for the differences among all the tribes. Native American mascots became an active political issue during the late 1960s. This is when the American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded. The AIM movement caused some of the Indian stereotypes to fall in the Midwest. At the University of Nebraska at Omaha, a chapter of AIM spearheaded a change of mascot from â€Å"Indians† to â€Å"Mavericks,† a beef animal with an attitude in 1971. During the same year Stanford University changed its Indian mascot to a cardinal. In the meantime, Marquette University has replaced â€Å"Warriors† in favor of â€Å"Golden Eagles. † Dartmouth changed its â€Å"Indians† to â€Å"Big Green,† and Miami of Ohio changed â€Å"Redskins† to the â€Å"Redhawks. †The U. S. Commission on Civil Rights believes that the use of Native American images and nicknames in school is insensitive and should be avoided. They declared that â€Å"the stereotyping of any racial, ethnic, religious or other group, when promoted by our public educational institutions, teaches all students that stereotyping of minority groups is acceptable, which is a dangerous lesion in a diverse society. The commission also noted that these nicknames and mascots are â€Å"false portrayals that encourage biases and prejudices that have a negative effect on contemporary Indian people. Native American and civil rights advocates maintain that these mascots may violate anti-discrimination laws. † Mr. Millman co ntends that the Civil Rights Commission’s position contradicts the federal government’s own practices. ‘Why is it all right for the U. S. government to call a piece of its military equipment the Apache,† he said, â€Å"but not for a little school in the Catskills that has had this heritage for 50 years† to call its sports teams the Indians? The National Congress of American Indians launched a campaign to bring an end to the use of Indian sports mascots. Throughout the years schools have continued to change their mascot symbols and names. A moment in history was made in February 2002 when Northern Colorado changed its name from ‘Native Pride† to ‘The Fighting Whites†. The Fighting Whites set thousands of virtual tongues wagging. Everyone had an opinion, from AIM to affiliates of the Ku Klux Klan. The reactions provide a flash-frozen ideoscape of racial humor in an age of political correctness. Within weeks, the Fighting Whites had become nearly as well known as established professional monikers. The publicity helped to sell thousands of T shirts and other items for a hastily endowed scholarship fund to aid Native American students. By the end of 2002, the team had raised $100,000 in merchandise sales for Native American students. This was also called a case of â€Å"Political correctness gone Mad! † How do the people on the Standing Rock Sioux Indian reservation in North Dakota feel? On the Standing Rock Sioux Indian reservation there is a strong Indian tradition. I personally conducted a research project to find out the true feelings of our biggest tribe in the state. I personally interviewed 2,000 people on the telephone or in person on the Standing Rock Sioux Indian Reservation. I wanted each individual opinion on the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux Mascot. I first conducted interviews with the elderly people on Standing Rock. Conducting my interview I found that on average the Native American people on the Standing Rock Reservation are in favor of the Fighting Sioux Mascot. Everyone asked who suggested and started the process of this ban? I found that a majority of the elderly found the mascot offense and disrespectful. They all believe this was a big racial issue. They said the white people continued to ignore the Native American voice. The elderly people believe in the old Indian ways. They are still angry with our government on how the white people took over the land and confined them to the reservation. I do not predict there will be any way we can change the elderly minds. Speaking to the middle and young adults regarding this issue surprised me. The majority of this group is in favor of the Fighting Sioux mascot. Several members have attended games at the University of North Dakota. They said they held their heads up high before each game when the Indian people were acknowledged. I honestly can say not one school age child was against the mascot. Several of them thought it was sad that there is so much fighting going on. They said the focus should be on educating our Indian people. We need more education across the nation on Native Americans and their history. They felt there was more important things in life that need attention. I spoke with some high school students that will be attending the University of North Dakota in the fall of 2008. They have went and toured the campus. They could not even imagine how the school really supports Native American students and are proud to have them be a part of their school and tradition. The University also offered many scholarships to Native American students each year. After interviewing the students they now have plans of their own. They want to hold a debate to discuss the pros and cons of the mascot. They said they will also include the public in this debate. This visual shows that a majority of the Native Americans do not find the Fighting Sioux Mascot offensive. They believe that the Tribal Chairmen was overstepping his boundaries by speaking for all the people. Mr. His Horses Thunder has been on TV and interviewed by the state capitol’s newspaper. He always states the people of his tribe want this mascots eliminated. Everyone I spoke with had not even spoken to Mr. His Horses Thunder regarding the mascot. They spoke of this symbol with pride and honor. The people thought the best way to decide this is to hold an election on all the reservations in our state. This will allow for all the Indian people to speak their mind. Native Americans should feel honor and pride towards these mascots. I am an enrolled member in the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in North Dakota. I have personally went to several sporting events where an Indian name or mascot was used. Prior to the start of a game they announce a statement of respect for the Native American people. Schools use the mascots because they stand for power and pride. They represent bravery, courage and fighting skills. The use of these mascots has been a cherished tradition. The Indian mascot symbolizes a local heritage. According to the Sports Illustrated survey 87% of Native Americans who lived off Indian Reservations did not object to the mascots. 7% who lived on the reservation did not object to the mascots. Only 33% who lived on the reservations opposed the mascots. This is an honoring of the country’s Native American past. Schools around the country use these symbols to rally the students together. Several Native American Indians have embraced schools and teams to use their mascots. This battle first started in 1 968 when the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) launches a campaign to address stereotypes images in the media. We are still continuing to fight this battle in 2008. Fans and players are constantly asking themselves if it is right to participate in the sporting events symbolizing Native American names and mascots. Fans seem to have the hardest time at the sporting events. They wonder if they should participate in the chants and cheers. The struggle and fight over the Native American team mascot has caused arguing, violence and vandalism. The mascot issue has also torn school boards apart and made a political nightmare of school board elections. The schools have thought about changing their names to reflect black and white people. The Fighting Whites caused quite a controversy. Why is this issue getting so out of hand? In his foreword to Team Spirits, Vine Deloria, Jr. identifies several reasons: residues of racism, a sense of the Indian as â€Å"other,† and the fact that â€Å"Indians represent the American past, and Europeans and Americans have been fleeing from their own past since the days of discovery and settlement† (King and Springwood, 2001 pp. ix-x). These images are ideological artifacts reflecting attitudes toward â€Å"race, power, and culture† (King and Springwood, 2002, p. 1. ). The controversial issue is causing violence across the United States. People are getting into fist fights. School Boards are fighting amongst each other and with staff. After school board meetings members are finding their vehicles vandalized. Friends and families are engaging in a war. People have been sent to the emergency room after riots broke out. I witnessed a school board meeting that became out of control. Three board members against four board members. They were calling each other names. Threatening each other with violence. Every school board meeting a member of the student council is present. What kind of example did the school board teach this student? This particular student was so scared she left the meeting immediately. The argument was sad and very disrespectful toward the Native American people. We need to quit fighting and come together as one. As a Native American I am proud of our symbols and mascots. Native Americans and American sports fans in general not only support the use of such images, but also believe that the images honor Native Americans. We need to focus on the positive aspects of these mascots and put all our energy into the schools. This has caused big debates throughout the county between communities, school boards, students, and Native American groups. With each opinion this debate will continue to rage on. The best solution to the problem is to let the Native American people vote to decide on the issue. Let the Tribes in our country vote on every mascot that is voice and can be heard. This will let the schools and world know what the majority of the Native American people feel regarding this issue.

Religious Extremism and Islam

Religious extremism cropped up from diverse Islam’s Jihad teachings. The research focuses on the reasons for the religious extremism. The research centers on the different interpretations of the Koran’s Jihad verses. Religious extremism precipitated from some Muslim religion devotees’ diverse interpretation of Koran’s Jihad verses.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Religious Extremism and Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Initially, Paul Heck1 stated Islamic extremism centers on two aspects of the issue. The first aspect is extremism. One group of non-Muslim people may classify the Islamic attacks on innocent civilians as extremism. On the other hand, the Islamic perpetrators of the suicide bombings do not classify themselves as extremists. Paul Heck2 mentioned the second aspect is on the Islam religion. Some Islamic fundamentalism groups do not accept violence as a last re sort. However, all Islam devotees affirm that Jihad is part of their duties. Some groups of Islam devotees prefer to use extreme means to perpetuate their goals for spread Islam. Islam accepts assassinations and bombings, specifically suicide bombings, as the duty of every serious Islam devotee. Likewise, Shireen Burki3 emphasized Islamic terrorism or Jihad is part of the duties of Muslims to achieve their political and religious goals. Islamic terrorism cropped up in many strategic locations around the world. The Islamic extremist attacks occurred in Africa, Middle East, Southeast Asia, Europe, and the United States starting in the early 1970s. The most recently devastating Islamic extremist attack occurred in New York on September 11, 2001. Al-Qaeda’s leader, Osama Bin Laden authorized the Islamic extremist attacks. The plane attacks focused on stopping the United States’ political and military presence in the Middle East as well as in the Arabian states. The extremi st attacks also focused on the removing the corrupt and inefficient leaders of the Arab states. Another very loud reason for the extremist religious attacks is to put a stop to the United States’ military, financial, and other aids to Israel. In addition, the extremist attacks focus on returning East Timor and Kashmir under Muslim authority. The extremist members are very active convincing people to join their religious extremist acts. The terrorist attacks include kidnappings for ransom, hijackings, and suicide attacks. Shireen Burki4 opined religious extremism is an offshoot of Islamic teachings. Alia Brahimi reiterated the Islam religion teaches violence as part of the necessary acts of their religion. Religious extremism is the ideology or political act that violates the norms of society. Society norms consider killing a crime. Consequently, an extremist is any person who uses religion as a basis for killing another person.Advertising Looking for research paper on re ligion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Demetrios Caraley5 shows a vivid example is the unforgettable horrors of the September 11, 2001tragedy that hit New York and the Whitehouse. The incident is a direct act on the United States’ democratic ideology. The incident shows that Muslim religion devotees’ religious beliefs may translate to the loss of innocent lives. Osama Bin Laden was instrumental in the attack of United States soil. The secularization of the September 11, 2011 issue equates to the harmful effects of the Islamic religion’s attack on New York City that fateful day. The horrors of the September 11 event awaken the people around the world on the power of religion to kill and maim innocent civilians. The people around the world will not forget the mass suicide of the four groups of Muslim religion devotees who hijacked the four planes. The four Islamic martyr groups did not think twice befo re using the planes to commit suicide. The Islamic martyrs consider themselves rightful heirs to the king of their God, Allah. Andrew Langley6 stated 19 religious extremists hijacked four planes. Two hijacked planes jets crashed on two skyscrapers in New York. Another group rammed the Pentagon complex in Arlington, Virginia. A fourth plane, destined for Washington D.C. crashed before reaching its destination. The airplane passengers were able to fight against the fourth plane’s hijackers. Everyone in all four hijacked planes died. In addition, a majority of the people trapped in the twin towers of New York were murdered. The September 11, 2001 casualty reached 2,974 dead and thousands more injured. In other parts of the world, David Cook7 stated women and men sometimes join suicide bombings are normal activities of religious activities. Cook mentioned many radical Muslims are using the Jihad process to widen their appeal to idealistic Muslim men and women to join in the battl efield’s martyrdom operations. The religious extremist straps bombs inside one’s clothes. When they reach their targets, the religious extremists blow themselves up. As a result, the bombing activities kill both the suicide bomber and a majority of the intended targets.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Religious Extremism and Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the suicide bombings often cause massive property damages. Normally, the suicide bombers use huge explosive charges to ensure the infliction of a huge toll on major property damage and huge human lives. Malik Mufti8 theorized the Islam religion explains that suicide bombers will receive rewards for killing non-Muslims. For the religious extremists, it is a duty to kill nonbelievers. It is the duty of the religious extremists to persuade the nonbelievers to convert to the Islam religion. The non-Muslim’s refusal to convert to the Islam religion would precipitate to the Muslim’s consideration of the Muslims as enemies. The religious extremists’ killing of non-Muslims for the sake of religious obedience is part of religious activities. Thus, the religious extremists do not have second thoughts on killing innocent civilians. Killing itself may be legal or illegal. Normally, the law allows the killing another person in a self-defense capacity. It is one’s fundamental right to protect oneself against dangers to one’s person, one’s family, and one’s property, especially the home. In addition, the state courts hand down death penalties to some convicted felons. The convicted felons are meted the death penalty for heinous crimes. The killing is classified legal. However, societal norms dictate that the killing innocent civilian, in the pursuit of one’s political or religious ideologies, is illegal. This is true for every suicide bombing activity. Hi storically, many empires have suffered under so-called extremist religious organizations. The implementation of widespread Islamic terrorism complies with the Islamic religion’s duties. The extremist attacks are religiously approved attacks on the apostates. The Koran states Apostates are non-Muslims. Non-Muslims are infidels or enemies under the Koran. However many Muslim scholars and leaders opined the Koran verse on Jihad or attacks on the apostates has been taken out of context. Some Muslim leaders emphasize that the Muslims warriors should implement the Jihad or holy wars only to protect the Muslim people from outside attacks.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Muslim warriors should start a Jihad or holy war to defend their religious beliefs, in case of attacks. Osama Bin Laden emphasized that the United States is an aggressive enemy of the Islam religion. Osama Bin Laden theorized the September 11, 2001 attack on New York City was a defensive Jihad attack. The Muslim leaders are more acceptable to the defensive Jihad attack when compared to the aggressive Jihad attacks. One of major causes persuading Muslims to join the Jihad or holy war is a strong bond. The family bond encourages one member of the family to successful implement a suicide bombing attack. The strong community bond encourages members to be a martyr for the group. A martyr is one who sacrifices one’s life in a suicide bombing attack. Other factors are not as influential in convincing a Muslim devotee to murder innocent Christian civilians. Poverty is not a strong factor. Trauma is a major factor in convincing the Muslim convert to engage in the Jihad or holy war . Being in a mad state is not as influential in convincing the Muslim individual to kidnap a Christian Pastor. Ignorance will not be an equally effective factor in terms of persuading the Muslim adolescent to engage in the Holy war to kill one’s innocent neighbors. The environment is a strong factor in terms of convincing the Muslim devotees to engage in Jihad activities. Muhammad Akbar9 stated the Koran’s Surah 9 verse 111 states â€Å"Allah hath purchased of the Believers their person and their goods; for theirs is the Garden of Paradise. They fight in his cause and slay and are slain.† The quote clearly shows that all Muslim religion devotees must comply with all the religious instructions of the Koran, without exception. Research conducted showed that more Algerians living in France join extremist groups. Likewise, the more Moroccans taking up residence in Spain favor the Jihad activities. Lastly, more The Yemeni persons taking up residence in Saudi Arabia a re eager to join the suicide bombing activities. Many Muslims offer terroristic attachments to the Jihad concept. The Jihad is a struggle to succeed. The Jihad is a Muslim struggle. The Koran imposes the Jihad on the persons, communities, or groups for having harmed a Muslim person, group, or community. John Esposito10 explained the confusion regarding in interpretation of Jihad is understandable. Muslim devotees have to comply with the five pillars of the Islam faith. The Muslim religion devotees consider the Jihad or holy war as the sixth compulsory pillar. The Koran commands Jihad actions in the Muslim devotees’ struggles. Jihad is the Arabian word for struggle. The Prophet Muhammad used the Jihad or holy war to capture reach territories previously controlled by other religions. The Koranic verses serve as the law of the Muslim religion devotees. The Koran verses teach the Muslim religion devotees self-understanding, piety, mobilization, expansion, and defense (Jihad). Dep ending on the Muslim religion devotees’ situation, one’s daily life focuses on fighting injustice, oppression, and spreading the Islam faith. Other Muslim religion devotees’ daily activities include establishing a society that implements just policies on all its residents. The Muslim religion devotees’ daily duties include joining the Jihad or holy war to defend one’s faith against infidels (non-Muslims). In terms of overall impact, the communities have to protect themselves from the extremists. The United States has stepped its homeland defense to counter the Islamic extremist11. The camaraderie of Muslim religion devotees creates a strong bond among the Muslim religion devotees around the world. The Islamic brotherhood includes Muslims from North Africa, Southeast Asia, Sudan, Algeria, the Gulf regions, and the United States. Leaders of the brotherhood include Hasan al-Banna (1906 -1949) and Sayyid Qutb (1906- 1949). Some of the leaders distribut ed Islamic books and other Islamic reading materials. The materials focus on the fundamentalist principles of the Muslim faith. The Islamic religious leaders do their best to use the Koran’s verses to legitimize their extremist killing activities. The increasing distance between the Muslim religion devotees and the Christians continues to widen. Similarly, Abdul Gafoor12 theorizes the literal meaning of Jihad is â€Å"to exert†. I t is the exertion of the intellect as recognized by the Islamic Law, Sharia. Jihad can be accomplished by using one’s heart, tongue, hands, or sword. Jihad is the battle against sin and Satan in the Muslim devotees’ life. Koran’s Verse 110 states â€Å"Ye are the best of peoples evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong, and believing in Allah.† The Koran verse does not literally state devotees are required to kill innocent civilians. The above verse clearly shows that the devout Muslim religion devotees must comply with all the Koran’s instructions. The Koran states that each Muslim religion devotees must forbid what is wrong. What is wrong includes not helping in the spread of the Islamic faith. All Muslim religion devotees should go out of their way to punish all infidels for maligning or attacking the beliefs of the Muslim faith. In turn, their god, Allah, will reward them for defending their faith against the infidels. For example, Geneive Abdo13 mentioned Essam al Eryan actively complies with all policies and instructions of the Muslim Brothers organization. The Brotherhood is the Middle East’s most powerful Muslim religion devotees ‘ group. Eryan is a doctor and a radio commentator. He often attacks the government’s policies. In return, the government has been irritated by Eryan’s anti-government radio commentaries. As a deputy secretary general of Egypt’s medical doctors’ syndicate, he is a very influential p erson among the citizens. Essam al Eryan was monitored by the state police for his possible contribution to a future Jihad or holy war attack on the top government officials and bombings in public places. Further, the Brotherhood of Muslims covers many countries around the world during the 1990s. The Muslim religion devotees’ extreme efforts to spread the Islamic teachings of their Prophet Mohammad. In Egypt, the Muslim religion devotees live in an environment having a dynamic as well as different relationship among the Muslim religion devotees. The Egyptian experience includes the radical, as well as violent revolutionary Islamic activities and institutionalization of the Muslim religion devotees’ lives as politically and socially comfortable. The police were trying to find the link between Essam al Eryan’s radio commentaries and killings of policemen and tourists in Upper Egypt. The police are finding evidences to prove that Essam al Eryan is instrumental in t he firing of shots on visiting Egyptian cabinet members walking along Cairo’s busy streets. The suspecting of Essam al Eryan is grounded on his caustic criticism of the Egyptian government’s running of the state’s affairs. Essam al Eryan was a radio commentator on British Broadcasting Corporation. The government did its part to try to control the media, including Essam al Eryan’s radio commentaries. However, the Muslim Brotherhood’s primary policies include renouncing the use of violence to pursue their religious goals and objectives. A majority of the Egyptian population were critical and against the government’s secular policies. Based on the above discussion, religious extremism is a different interpretation of Islam’s Jihad teachings. ‘Some groups interpret Jihad to include attacks on innocent civilians. Other Muslim religion leaders and scholars Jihad is allowed only to defend one’s religion, family or community agai nst the infidel attackers. Indeed, religious extremism precipitated from some Muslim religion devotees’ detoured interpretation of Koran’s Jihad verses. Works Cited Abdo, Geneive. No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam. New York: Oxford Press, 2000:71. Akbar, Muhammad. The Shade of Swords Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam  and Christianity. NewYork: Routledge Press, 2002:12. Burki, Shireen. â€Å"Haram or Halal? Islamists’ Use of Suicide Attacs as â€Å"Jihad†.†Ã‚  Terrorism and Political Violence 23.4 (2011): 582-601. Caraley, Demetrios. September 11, Terrorist Attacks, and U. S. Foreign Policy. New York: Political Science Academy Press, 2003;39. Cook, David. â€Å"Women Fighting in Jihad?† Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 28.5 (2005): 375-384. Esposito, John. What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002;117. Gafoor, Abdul. Islam Jihad: Prejudice versus Reality. New York: Palgrave Press, 20 02;45. Heck, Paul. â€Å"Jihad Revisited.† Journal of Religious Ethics 32.1 (2004): 95-128. Langley, Andrew. September 11: Attack on America. New York: Compass Books, 2006;8. Mufti, Malik. â€Å"The Art of Jihad.† History of Political Thought 28.2 (2007): 189-207. Palmer, Monte, Islamic Extremism: Causes, Diversity, and Challenges. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2008: 271 Footnotes 1 Heck, Paul. â€Å"Jihad Revisited.† Journal of Religious Ethics 32.1 (2004): 95-128. 2 Heck, Paul. â€Å"Jihad Revisited.† Journal of Religious Ethics 32.1 (2004): 95-128. 3 Burki, Shireen. â€Å"Haram or Halal? Islamists’ Use of Suicide Attacs as â€Å"Jihad†.† Terrorism and Political Violence 23.4 (2011): 582-601. 4 Burki, Shireen. â€Å"Haram or Halal? Islamists’ Use of Suicide Attacs as â€Å"Jihad†.† Terrorism and Political Violence 23.4 (2011): 582- 601. 5 Caraley, Demetrios. September 11, Terrorist Attacks, and United States Fo reign Policy, New York, Political Science Academy Press, 2002; 39. 6 Langley, Andrew. September 11: Attack on America. New York: Compass Books, 2006;8. 7 Cook, David. â€Å"Women Fighting in Jihad?† Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 28.5 (2005): 375-384. 8 Mufti, Malik. â€Å"The Art of Jihad.† History of Political Thought 28.2 (2007): 189-207. 9 Akbar, Muhammad. The Shade of SwordsL Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity. NewYork: Routledge Press, 2002, 12. 10 Esposito, John. What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, 117. 11 Palmer, Monte, Islamic Extremism: Causes, Diversity, and Challenges, New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2008;271 12 Gafoor, Abdul, Islam Jihad: Prejudice versus Reality. 2002; 45. 13 Abdo, Geneive. No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam. New York: Oxford Press, 2000, 71. This research paper on Religious Extremism and Islam was written and submitted by user Nelson Mclean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

English-Learning Podcasts for Teachers and Students

English-Learning Podcasts for Teachers and Students Podcasting provides a means of publishing audio programs via the Internet. Users can automatically download podcasts (usually mp3 files) onto their computers and transfer these recordings automatically to portable music players such as Apples extremely popular iPods. Users can then listen to the files anytime and anywhere they choose. Podcasting is especially interesting for English learners as it provides a means for students to get access to authentic listening sources about almost any subject they may interest them. Teachers can take advantage of podcasts as a basis for listening comprehension exercises, as a means of generating conversation based on students reaction to podcasts, and as a way of providing each and every student diverse listening materials. Students will obviously find the ability to listen to these podcasts useful especially due to its portability. Another extremely useful aspect of podcasting is its subscription model. In this model, users subscribe to a feed using a program. The most popular of these programs, and possibly most useful, is iTunes. While iTunes is not by any means solely dedicated to podcasts, it does provide an easy means to subscribe to free podcasts. Another popular program is available at iPodder, which focuses solely on subscribing to podcasts. Podcasting for English Learners and Teachers While podcasting is relatively new, there are already a number of promising podcasts dedicated to English learning. Here is a selection of the best I could find: English Feed English Feed is a new podcast I have created. The podcast focuses on important grammar and vocabulary subjects while providing great listening practice. You can sign up for the podcast in iTunes, iPodder, or any other podcatching software. If you arent sure of what podcasting is ( a listening practice that you can receive automatically), you might want to take a look at this short introduction to podcasting. The Word Nerds This podcast is very professional, delivers excellent information about relevant topics and is a lot of fun. Created for native speakers of English who enjoy learning about the ins-and-outs of the language, The Word Nerds podcast is also excellent for advanced level English learners - especially those who are interested in idiomatic English. English Teacher John Show Podcast John focuses on understandable English speaking in an extremely clear voice (some might find the perfect pronunciation unnatural) provides useful English lesson - ideal for intermediate level learners. ESLPod One of the more mature - if you can say that anything is mature at this point - podcasts dedicated to ESL learning. The podcasts include advanced vocabulary and subjects which will prove especially useful for English for Academic Purposes classes. Pronunciation is very slow and clear, if rather unnatural. Flo-Joe Also, a commercial site for teachers and students preparing for Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE). Advanced level English podcasting with a decidedly British accent - both in terms of pronunciation and themes about British life.

The Reality of Freelance Writing

The Reality of Freelance Writing The Reality of Freelance Writing The Reality of Freelance Writing By Mark Nichol A recent Craigslist job posting invites readers to apply to write twenty or more 1,000-word online-marketing articles per week. The pay rate? Twenty dollars per article to start, thirty dollars each after the first ten articles, and forty or fifty dollars apiece after a couple of weeks. The compensation for this work, after the initial fifty articles are written, is more than a thousand dollars a month about fifty thousand dollars a year, a fair income for a freelance writer. But back up a bit: The writer is being asked to produce 20,000 words per week. At that rate, one could churn out a good-sized novel or nonfiction book each month if not for the fact that writers are human beings who need to eat and sleep and would like to indulge in luxuries like recreation and socialization. Assuming that a 1,000-word article can be written in around two hours, that’s a full-time workweek. The problem? Salaried writers don’t write for forty hours a week. They attend meetings and confer with colleagues, and perhaps do some editing and proofreading as well as writing. It’s unrealistic to expect someone to put in that many hours churning out content, even if one finds writing about widgets an exhilarating prospect. It’s unsustainable for a writer to do so, and disingenuous for an employer to expect that the writer can do so. What’s most disheartening about this job posting even more than the fact that it would be more reasonable for the client to hire more writers to produce fewer articles each is that it’s one of the more generous offers I’ve seen online lately. There’s no writing tip buried among these observations. There’s simply a plea to any readers who might be posting job listings such as the one I’ve described to ask themselves whether they could actually sustain this workload, whether they could live on the meager compensation usually offered for such assignments. Do they want to attract writers, or are they content with typists? (No offense intended against transcribers, of course.) If there’s any tip to be shared, it’s to my fellow freelance writers out there: Yes, projects may generally be scarce and poorly compensated, and it’s tempting to take grueling assignments such as the one described in this job listing. (I’ve done so for a while.) But never forget that unless you’re a novice, or you’re a merely competent writer, you deserve better than this and novices and competent writers will get better and deserve better and you must be diligent about finding the best offers. And, once you’re hired and have proven your value, be diligent about assertively requesting periodic boosts in pay as a reward for your increasingly valuable contributions to the success of the enterprise. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should Know26 Feel-Good Words40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Strategic Management - Google's Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Management - Google's Company - Essay Example This company has been implementing a generic business level strategy, which involve differentiation through a process of providing unique products and services to their customers. Nevertheless, the company’s success is attributable to search engine services, since these services have increased reliability of internet searches. Therefore, this paper explores Google’s generic business strategies, their implementation and future challenges. Generic Business Strategies One of Google’s generic strategies is differentiation, and it is illustrated through their web search engine services. In this case, this company has managed to differentiate themselves from their competitors by using a PageRank system, which is patented (Google, 2013, 1). In fact, PageRank system operates through search inquiries, which are used to determine recursive score assigned to web pages in terms of weighted sum. Therefore, this system connects web pages in order to form an interrelationship b y which they are accessed. Moreover, this provides a special way of accessing web pages, whereby this accessibility is based on users’ interest rather than number of times a page has been accessed. Furthermore, this way of searching web pages provides a basis of competition among them. On the other hand, the PageRank system integrates an algorithm, which is reorganized time after time in order to ensure that search results are excellent. Google Company is very secretive on issues regarding this algorithm; thus, this has led to difficulties for competitors to imitate their intangible products. Through their secrecy, Google has managed to maintain their competitive advantage. Differentiation strategy through internet searches has also propelled their advertising business. In this case, Google introduced AdWords, which had a significant impact on their advertising business, whereby they provided a way through which clients are able to reach target customers or audience (Google, 2013, 1). In addition, Adwords offers a way through which users create text advertisements and they are able to manage them through accounts without hefty payments. Therefore, their pricing strategy offers a differentiation from their competitors and Google’s partners (Guzak, 2013, 133). Implementation of Current Strategies The differentiation strategies are implemented by Google in entering the existing market, and this has led to significant changes in patterns because of increased number of internet users. Moreover, the differentiation strategy focuses on satisfying diversified needs for their customers (Guzak, 2013, 133). In fact, implementation of this strategy is undertaken through their search engine strategic direction, which is applied in the processes of penetrating into a market, in product and market development. On the other hand, this company uses Adwords to implement diversification strategy, especially in the process of introducing products in new market. For instance, in 2000, Google laid strategies that involved targeting customers, who were seeking advertisement services through internet-based searches. Therefore, implementation of diversification strategy through Adwords has generated significant revenue for this company, thereby becoming one of

Mobile Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mobile Marketing - Essay Example Therefore, the marketers of today should have a hawks eye on any new marketing trends and issues so that they can be adopted and addressed respectively and so that they benefit the marketing activities of the product to the maximum possible. The current issues in marketing are those which have not been that prevalent/popular or even existent a year ago, and this is where the need for spotlight on them arises. Marketers in the making need to have a close look at these current issues so that they can incorporate them in their marketing practices when they step into the practical life. Not just those in the making, but it is essential for current established marketers to be flexible for these current issues so as to provide the best marketing services to the product or company. When the mobile phone was initially invented, it was done so for the purpose of wireless communication and was used specifically for emergencies or when someone had to travel. But with the passage of time, dependence on the mobile phone has increased as this little device has become more than just a means of communication for emergency purposes. The mobile phone has become a very interactive medium, with the invention of other services like SMS (Short Message Service), MMS (Multimedia Message Service) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). These services have increased the attractiveness of this little piece of phone and opened many horizons and opportunities for marketers. This can be said because the mobile phone is a device which is present with the owner 24/7. It is not a television, which is seen only when time is available or the newspaper, which is read once its got hold of. It is the mobile phone, which is individually owned by every single person and they keep it. Therefo re, access is unlimited and the user is bound to go through any SMS or mms that hits their cell phone, thereby increasing the chances of attention that a particular marketing attempt will get in the eyes of the target audience. (Salter, 2007) With passing time, the popularity of the mobile phone marketing is ever increasing and this rate is not getting stagnant. In the year 2008 only, it has been reported that over 89% of businesses will be considering marketing through using the mobile phone. At times, the issue in this type of marketing often gets raised that the users of mobile phones are bombarded with unwanted advertisements and marketing efforts, something that stands as a boulder to the important messages that they might be waiting for. It was even regarded as "spam", a term popularly known for email, but can be used when the customers are abused by unwanted content in any other media as well. But in some parts of the world, mobile marketing through using the SMS facility has been made a legal act to do, and therefore, this increases the opportunities for all marketers as they can now reach their optimal potential in marketing without worrying about harming laws. (Goswami, 2008) Mobile marketing can take many forms: they can be done through MMS, through sponsoring the

Nonwestern Literature Essay Example for Free

Nonwestern Literature Essay Modern literature does not show the extent to which literature has come. Medieval forms of literature reflected an unprecedented level of purity and originality. A study of the similarities and dissimilarities between cultures reveals the exchange of ideology that occurred many centuries ago. This gives weight to the assertion that modern forms of literature from different regions of the world once shared certain characteristics. It should not get assumed that the different forms of literature arose from the same inspiration. Rather, the varying types of literature occurred separately. However, due to improvements in technology and communication, forms of literature have become similar over time. An in-depth look at Egyptian, Indian, and Chinese literatures highlights this clearly. China and India, as countries from the East, have a winding, rich, and spectacular literary tradition. The exchange of literary accomplishments between the two nations has never ceased even until modern times. The primary groundwork for such an exchange became established through the introduction of Buddhism into China. As a result of this introduction, Indian literature began imparting nourishment to its Chinese counterpart. Thus, Chinese literature adopted plenty of influences from Indian literature. Resulting effects on Chinese literature have manifested themselves in aspects of aesthetic tendency, form, subject, rhetoric and vocabulary. In ancient times, Buddhism served as the key medium for Chinese-Indian literary exchanges. Chinese literature has become more and more influenced by Indian literature in recent times due to the assimilation of Buddhist influences. Nevertheless, the extent and nature of the literary exchange between India and China has become two-sided and complementary in recent times. There exist similarities and differences between Chinese and Indian literature. In both Chinese and Indian literature, the form of literature gets classified as primarily oral. In both Chinese and Indian literatures, extensive written forms of literature appeared in later periods compared to the emergence of oral forms of literature. In both Chinese and Indian literature, the emergence of written forms of literature arose due to the spread of literacy programs pioneered by the ruling authorities in both countries. Also, both Indian and Chinese literatures have different forms of literature contributing to the overall state of literature in the respective countries. Moreover, both Indian and Chinese literatures have experienced changes due to modern influences from the western world. On the other hand, a few differences arise between Chinese and Indian literature. Chinese literature has always gotten expression through only one language. This has remained true for the over 3000 years which the Chinese civilization has existed. On the contrary, Indian literature has experienced segmentation due to the presence of numerous languages within India. The Indian culture has officially recognized 22 languages and among these languages, 21 of them have establishes their own unique forms of literature. Indian literature has gotten influence from the various traditions that have governed over the country. Throughout its history, various family traditions have dictated the nature of ownership over the country. In turn, the varying styles of ownership have had an unmistakable effect on the types of literature. Thus, different ownership periods as demarcated by family traditions have different kinds of literature. Conversely, various dynasties throughout the whole period of its sovereign existence have ruled China. This has led to the classification of types of literature based on the particular dynasty that ruled the country at the time of the emergence of the literature. These dynasties include Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing. During the existence of all these dynasties, various forms of literature have arisen. For instance, early woodblock and poetry became embraced during the Tang dynasty while novels gained prominence during the Ming dynasty. Chinese and Egyptian literatures share many points of reference. Both forms of literature began experiencing formative influences before the Common Era. Egyptian literature has its roots in ancient Egyptian culture. Along with Sumerian literature, ancient Egyptian literature gets classified as the one of the earliest forms of literature. In both forms of literature, the ownership periods played a key role towards the definition and classification of different types of literature. Both Chinese and Egyptian forms of literature have pioneered forms of writing, which had not existed earlier. Egyptian literature gave rise to hieroglyphics. Also, the writing of blurbs began in the 14th century Egyptian times. The writing of blurbs thus emerged as a key component of literary writing in the contemporary world. Both forms of literature have allowed the influence of different forms of literature from other countries. Egyptian literature became molded by the influx of foreign poets who flocked the town of Alexandria. These poets originated from Greece and Rome. They immigrated to Alexandria so as to utilize the library facility in the town. As a result of their extended stay in Egypt, the poets began expressing their literature in Arabic language. Inevitably, the existing literature within Egypt became fused with the literature brought by the European poets. The infiltration and influence of Indian Buddhism has played a prominent role in the shaping the Chinese literature toward adopting Indian connotations. Meditation has become a key component of Chinese literature unlike previous times. This lays testament to the fact that Indian Buddhism has left an indelible mark on Chinese literature. In Chinese literature, the initial form of literature consisted primarily of oral forms. Written forms of literature appeared during later periods of civilization. This stands in stark contrast to Egyptian literature, which has the autobiography as its oldest form. Egyptian literature got expressed in papyrus reeds. These provided the writing material on which ancient Egyptian writers would record their literary works. Also, Egypt invented calligraphy, which emerged as a key means of writing during that era. Chinese literature has received influence primarily stemming from the ruling influences within the country. The dynasties that have exercised governorship over the country have molded the types of literature within China. In contrast, Egyptian literature has experienced influences stemming from external sources. The conquering of Egypt by Muslim Arabs had a major impact on the literature in Egypt. Libraries became established and literature thrived. Papyrus reeds became replaced by cloth paper as writing surfaces. Another difference between Egyptian and Chinese literature appears when it comes to the overriding motive behind the change in literature. In Chinese literature, the changes undertaken in literature have occurred involuntarily and with the noble aim of improving the Chinese culture. On the other hand, changes in Egyptian literature have become implemented for the sole purpose of embracing Islam. The majority of Egyptian literature back in medieval times consisted of wisdom literature. This shows that the wider number of Egyptian literary works got written mainly for instruction and guidance. Such instruction recognizes the social format of life that exists in Egypt. Family values take the first place in Egypt. As a result, the forms of literature within the country give precedence to the values honored by families. However, the majority of forms of literature written in China became formulated for the purpose of entertainment. This arises due to the communal nature of the Chinese culture. Hence, the forms of literature become designed in such a way as to amuse and thereby engender a sense of togetherness within the community. ?Egyptian and Indian literatures have stunning similarities and glaring differences. The bulk of both Egyptian and Indian literatures bears literature intended for instruction. Both Egyptian and Indian cultures recognize the supremacy of family values. Thus, the literature of both countries became formulated with the intention of providing the families with instructive information regarding family life. Indian folklore and Egyptian folklore combined as key elements towards the formation of storytelling formats. Both Indian and Egyptian literatures have become molded for the purpose of accommodating religious beliefs. Literature in Egypt has evolved with the passage of time as it becomes more permissible to the Islamic faith and body of beliefs. Since Islam has gained wide acclaim as the state religion, the form of literature within Egypt has sought to reflect this truth in its form. This has endeavored to avoid hurting the religiously-trained consciences of Egyptians. In India, religion has had a major impact towards the changes that have occurred in Indian literature. India plays host to majority of the world’s most populous forms of faith. Buddhism alone has had an understated effect on the form of Indian literature. The prevalence of meditation techniques within Egyptian literature gives evidence of the extent of Buddhist influence.? However, a few differences exist between Indian and Egyptian literatures. Egyptian literature had its beginnings much earlier than Indian literature. This necessarily makes Egyptian literature richer than Indian literature. The superior quality of Egyptian literature becomes apparent through a sober consideration of the genres that have gotten invented due to Egyptian literature. Indian literature has become classified in terms of tradition due to the ideologies that have governed the country. In the contrary, Egyptian literature has always manifested their Islamic inclinations. Also, Egyptian literature received notable influence from European poets while India has risen to become the source of poetic influence to other countries like China. The history of Egyptian literature had its beginnings in ancient Egypt. The River Nile had a massive influence on the development of Egyptian literature. The town of Alexandria served as a major confluence for the emergence of literary influences. This happened because of the presence of the Library of Alexandria. This library served as hubs for poets originating from Greece and Rome, which served as key world powers in that time. The influence of these foreign poets had an unprecedented effect on Egyptian literature. Beginning from the period of the tyrannical Pharaohs until the conclusion of the Roman Empire’s rulership, ancient Egyptian literature got expresses in Egyptian language. Ancient Egyptian literature gains recognition as the world’s earliest form of literature along with other genres like Sumerian literature.? However, forms of writing in ancient Egypt did not surface until the late periods of the 4th century. This included both hieratic and hieroglyphic forms of writing. At some time before the modern era, the available literary works included epistles and letters, texts, hymns and poems, and memorials. These biographical texts got penned so as to document the professional lives of noteworthy administrative marshals. These developments notwithstanding, narrative forms of Egyptian literature became created in late periods of the 17th century BC. The formation of narrative forms sparked a media revolution in the whole of Egypt. Such a revolution occurred due to various factors. The unprecedented rise in literacy levels played a primary role for the revolution. Other factors included widespread access to written literature, rise of an intellectual class of scribes, new cultural sensibilities about individuality, unprecedented levels of literacy, and mainstream access to written materials.? The history and tradition of Indian literature primarily features verse though it also seems fundamentally oral. The earliest works became composed for the purpose of getting sung or recited. In this raw form, they became transmitted throughout a number of generations before getting written down as permanent recordings. As a result of this belated recording, the earliest records of a text appear later by several millenniums than the stated date of its initial composition. Furthermore, probably because the majority of Indian literature appears as either religious or as a reworking of common stories from the Sanskrit tales, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, and the mythological writings, the authors often maintain their anonymity. Biographical components and details of the lives of the majority of the earlier Indian authors appear only in much later myths and legends. In medieval Indian literature, the earliest works in many of the languages were sectarian, designed to advance or to celebrate some unorthodox regional. Much traditional Indian literature is derived in theme and form not only from Sanskrit literature but from the Buddhist and Jain texts written in the Pali language and the other Prakrits (medieval dialects of Sanskrit). This applies to literature in the Dravidian languages of the south as well as to literature in the Indo-Iranian languages of the north. Invasions of Persians and Turks, beginning in the 14th century, resulted in the influence of Persian and Islamic culture in Urdu, although important Islamic strands can be found in other literatures as well, especially those written in Bengali, Gujarati, and Kashmiri. After 1817, entirely new literary values were essay, and literary drama (this last incorporating both classical Sanskrit and Western models)—that gradually engulfed the customary Indian verse genres. Urdu poets remained faithful to the old forms while Bengalis were imitating such English poets as Percy Bysshe Shelley or T. S. Eliot.? The history of ? Chinese literature extends for thousands of years. This started from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature fictional novels that arose during the Ming Dynasty. These mature fictional novels became penned for the sake of entertaining the masses of literate Chinese citizens. To various Westerners, Chinese literature remains hugely unexplored in comparison to the rich state of the Chinese culture. As a matter of fact, it is a treasure of a very considerable number of brilliant and profound works as each dynasty, in the long history of China, has passed down its legacy of magnificent events and works. For 3500 years, they have woven a variety of genres and forms encompassing poetry, essays, fiction and drama; each in its own way reflecting the social climate of its day through the high spirit of art. Chinese literature has its own values and tastes, its own reigning cultural tradition and its own critical system of theory. Chronologically, it can be divided into four main periods: classical, modern, contemporary, and the present-age literature. Classical literature refers to the earliest period and covers works from three thousand years ago to the late Qing Dynasty and is a virtually unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes. Since it was nearly always developed under the reign of centralized and unified government, it is imbued with the thoughts of a culture that embraced slavery and a feudal society. It was steeped in an enclosed environment that hardly had any real links with religion or least of all the literature of foreign cultures. ? Modern Literature refers to the period from the Opium War in 1840 to the May Fourth Movement in 1919. As the decadent reign of the Qing failed to inspire the minds of people, the literary forms had remained unchanged; till the Opium War in 1840. Then they absorbed the impact of western thoughts as foreigners poured in China and established their colonies. Novels, poetry and other works began to appear with a theme of patriotism and a revelation of social ills. Contemporary literature spanned the period from 1919 to the foundation of modern in 1949 and took on a new vigor, despite the fact that Chinese was in the throes of checkered and complicated times. This period was distinctive as it brought into being a new and revised literary language, form, content and skills allowing it to evolve into an independent and open art available to the whole of society. It attached great attention to peoples lives and a future with strong political tendencies. Influenced by the tide of the world literature, it provided wide and amiable communication between writers and readers. Present-Age literature has evolved since the establishment of the Peoples Republic in 1949. During this time, there was a logjam as a consequence of the Cultural Revolution that lasted for nearly 10 years. That era is now long past and we now have a favorable turn on events and a great number of responsible writers deepen the literary forms and content. Nowadays literature prospers. As the Chinese nation is a racial mix of Han people together with 55 other ethnic groups, literature reflects this. The various ethnic groups have contributed greatly in this field.? China stands as the only country worldwide with a mono-language literature for over 3,000 years. This continuity comes from the nature of the written language itself. It is the use of characters, not letters as in Western languages, that is, most important in the Chinese language. The characters stand for things or ideas and so, unlike groups of letters, they cannot and need never get sounded. Thus Chinese could be read by people in all parts of the country in spite of gradual changes in pronunciation, the emergence of regional and local dialects, and modification of the characters. A revolution held in China marked the dynasties whereby a clan ruled over an empire. Inevitably, the significant change of Chinese society that occurred with the change of government invariably led to an alteration of literature. Thus, Chinese literature gradually became westernized and Classical language got absolved from utilization. The national government desired for women to enjoy equal privileges like men. This clamor for an equal status in society resulted in plenty of women writers and scholars. As a result, the amount of politically oriented literature doubled. Academicians got unrestrained access to literature from foreign countries while plenty of students received scholarships so as to study abroad. The New Culture Movement became disbanded and writers endeavored to blaze the trail in transforming China into a modern industrialized nation. Writers also intended to replace Confucian life-style with a modern, westernized one. Under the leadership of the national government, there existed some freedom of expression. During that period of relative freedom, lots of different views and styles of literature became widely popular. But at the moment China came under attack from Japan, the resulting Communist victory led to the curtailing of former freedoms. For instance, only literature that met the approval of the government became allowed. Egyptian literature has also experienced plenty of changes due to interaction with western cultures. The expansion of the international market has necessitated the presence of many foreigners within Egyptian soil. As a result of such mingling, Egyptian literature has become influenced by western attitudes and notions. India has become a key player in the Commonwealth of Nations movement. Inevitably, it has become the focal point for conducting business within Asia. Thus, Indian literature has adopted other cultures. Buddhism has also become part and parcel of the literature of many other countries. This highlights the exchange that has undoubtedly occurred between Indian literature and other forms of literature. REFEREENCES Allen, James P. (2000), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.? Foster, John Lawrence (2001), Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology, Austin: University of Texas Press.? K, Kripalani (1970). Modern Indian Literature.? Knight, Sabina (2012). Chinese Literature : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, Very Short Introductions Series.? Levy, Andre (2000). Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.? Lichtheim, Miriam (2006), Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom, with a new foreword by Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.? M. , Winternitz. (1973) . A History of Indian Literature.? Mair, Victor H. (2001). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.? T. , W. , Clark. (1970). The Novel in India.? Quirke, S. (2004), Egyptian Literature 1800 BC, questions and readings, London: Golden House Publications.

The Computer :: essays research papers

The Computer This report is about the impact that the personal computer has made during the past 10 years on the the community. It is a report that includes detailed information about the personal computer and the way it has worked its way into a lot of peoples everyday lives. It includes information about the Internet and how it has shaped peoples life from just a hobby and into an obsession. It includes detailed information about its history, especially the time in which it was first developed. There is information about future possibilities for the computer about who it could be the future and destroy the future. There is a description on how it is developed and an in-depth look at how it works. A personal computer is a machine that lets you do do just about everything you could think of. You can do some basic word-processing and spreadsheets as well as 'Surf the Internet'. You can play the latest computer games by yourself as well as against someone from across the other side of the world. It can store databases which could contain information that is kept by police for easier records or you could just use it for your own family history. The basic structure of a computer is a keyboard, a moniter, a and case which holds all the componets to make a computer run like a Hard drive, a Motherboard, and a Video card. There are many other additions you can make to this such as a Modem, a Joystick, and a Mouse. The personal computer was developed during the year 1945 by the Americans to help them decode enemy secret codes during the Second World War. At this time the computers were huge and only used by governments because they were as big as room. This was because the main thing they used were vacuum valves which made the computer enormous. They also never had anything to hold any memory so they couldn't actually be classed as a true computer. The introduction of a way to store a file was brought around in the year 1954. The computer did not have a big impact on the community until about the year 1985 Commodore released a gange of computers called the Commodore 64 and also another Commodore computer called the Vic 20 which was released in the year 1982. When Intel saw the Commodore 64's success it released its brand new 386 processor in the year 1985. Though the 386 was easily the better and faster processor the Commodore 64 seemed to be the computer getting all the attention

Harley-Davidson’s Just-in-Time (JIT) Journey Essay

Case Summary This case is about the Just-in-Time (JIT) implementation at Harley-Davidson Motor Company. After World War II, they faced with competition from Japanese companies, which were able to produce better quality motorcycles at comparatively lower cost. Harley-Davidson found that there were three most important practices of Japanese companies, which differentiated their production process from that of others: JIT manufacturing, employee involvement, and statistical process control. Harley-Davidson adopted those three principles and formulated different strategies to make this move possible and to make its manufacturing processes as efficient as that of its Japanese counterparts. The company finally succeeded in achieving its goals of reducing the cost of production, improving quality, and increasing its market share. With the company again getting into hard times, this case presents how it was trying to focus on â€Å"continuous improvement† in a bid to bring itself back into profits . Question #1: Why has continuous improvement been so successful at Harley Davidson? Continuous improvement is ongoing effort to improve products, services or processes. These efforts can seek â€Å"incremental† improvement over time or â€Å"breakthrough† improvement all at once. Under continuous improvement, a task or series of tasks were identified as the problem area in the business process, manufacturing operations, and product development where improvement could be made. Harley-Davidson required the active participation and commitment of its employees to help in eliminating unnecessary steps and complexity for the process and to bring more flexibility into the system. Continuous improvement helped the company identify savings opportunities and put those mechanisms into places, also improved the quality standards and the reduced the waste in the forms of cost, time and defects. Therefore with a year, all Harley-Davidson’s manufacturing operations were being converted to JIT: components and sub-assemblies were â€Å"pulled† through the production system in response to final demand. Question #2: Considering the road ahead, what specific actions can Harley Davidson take that will move them toward their goals? Harley Davidson could keep doing â €Å"continuous improvement.† Take a closer look at its operations in a bid to get its cost structure right and manage shipments consistent with the expected slowing of consumer spending. For continuous improvement, it’s begins with identify the current process and take a vote on which process would most benefit from improvement, then map out the existing process using a project board like A3 report. After fully understand the process, identify areas of opportunity surrounding the mapped process, to do this teams should analyze the current process and scrutinize areas that may be streamlined. Finally, the team will decide on a new process. In order to reduce excess capacity or costs and gain efficiencies, the company has consolidated some of its production facilities, and parts, accessories and general merchandise distribution operations to improve its overall process. The company also made it a high priority to manage supply in line with demand. In addition, the company started restructuring its production process to reduce complexity and create the flexibility to produce multiple product families on the same assembly line every day at the beginning of 2009.

Economic and Political Status in Paraguay

Paraguay’s economy has constantly been improving over the years despite some set-backs they must face. Since they are a land-locked country, they do not have as many resources as most of its surrounding countries. They must rely mostly on agriculture for their main exports. As for Paraguay’s government and political conditions, they now have a president elected for a 5-year term. There are many different political parties, and the type of government Paraguay runs under is constitutional republic. Unlike Paraguay’s surrounding countries, Argentina, Chile and Brazil, it is land-locked therefore giving them fewer resources than their neighbors. With a predominantly agricultural economy, Paraguay is most dependent on these products. Conflict theory can be applied in a very large scale, to the country of Paraguay as a whole. Paraguay’s resources are much scarcer then others and they must compete and work hard for what they do have. The larger countries with the ocean as a resource have more power; therefore Paraguay will do what they must to get what they need from other countries. This provides the country with a difficult struggle trying to balance out their economy. However, their economy has been improving. There is a large amount of underemployment and unemployment in the economy. Nearly 35% of Paraguay’s population is unemployed. Those who do work, work mostly in agricultural jobs since that is Paraguay’s main export. The country has vast hydroelectric resources, including the world's second-largest hydroelectric generation facility built and operated jointly with Brazil. One large resource they lack that many others do not is petroleum resources. The economy is dependent on exports of cattle, soybeans, timber, cotton, grains, and sugar; electricity generation. Paraguay also re-exports products made elsewhere to Brazil and Argentina. Paraguay is a major illegal producer of marijuana and most or the entire product goes to Argentina, Chile and Brazil. Paraguay’s gross domestic product rose from 12. 8 billion to 16. 1 billion dollars, which was a 26% increase. Also, the foreign exchange reserves rose 33% to 3. 2 billion. Although Paraguay struggles with their range and certain aspects of their economy, it has constantly been improving over time. Paraguay's government is highly centralized, which was changed by the 1992 constitution, which provides for division of powers. The president, who is popularly elected for a 5-year term, then appoints a cabinet. Paraguay has a bicameral Congress which consists of an 80-member Chamber of Deputies and a 45-member Senate, elected with the president through a comparative representation system. The Deputies are elected by department and senators are elected nationwide. Paraguay's government also foll ows the three branches of government. The president alone comprises the Executive branch. Legislative is made up of the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Lastly, the Judicial branch belongs to the Supreme Court of Justice. The A governor elected by a popular vote heads each of Paraguay's 17 departments. Paraguay has some limits with its economy, however has improved drastically and will continue to do so. Looking at the large increase in the GDP, Paraguay’s overall economic status has been bringing in more money, which will only help improve the country’s economy. They have a strong market for agriculture which brings in most of their revenue. As for their government, it could be somewhat comparable to the United States. Their president has a longer, 5 year term, and there are lower braches and houses in government that help run the country.

Early year practitioners working with birth Essay Example

Early year practitioners working with birth Essay Example Early year practitioners working with birth Essay Early year practitioners working with birth Essay In my essay I have aimed for the reader to accomplish an apprehension of what might look to be some challenges confronting early twelvemonth practicians working with birth three old ages in and out of place attention. I undertook three visits to an eight-week-old babe See Appendix 1 sing background information. I completed three observation sheets that demonstrate my interaction with a kid of that age. Before I started my observations I was cognizant of what experiences could be valuable to Jack. Due to his immature age I knew his communicating accomplishments would dwell of smile, oculus contact and weeping. I was besides cognizant he would be wholly dependent on grownups to back up his physical and emotional demands. I besides considered Piaget schemes of idea as he believed kids s lineation of ideas are evident from infancy in their early physical and centripetal actions. During my clip detecting Jack I was ever in his place environment. I began to see what challenges working with this age group could be in an early old ages puting. Current ratios in child care scenes are one grownup to three babes aged six hebdomads two old ages. Children aged two three old ages have the ratio of one grownup to five kids. These ratios are set by the conditions made by Care Commission when inspecting premises for the first clip before it opens. This shows the degree of interaction will be limited compared to a 1:1 ratio that a kid can have at place. The quality of the interaction may be limited in a scene depending on the single personality. This is where it is of import for the practicians to be cognizant of Getting it right for every kid , ( 2007 ) . This gives the practician the chance to look at a kid s best results for their well being regardless of their background or single demands. In appendix B:3, column 3 I imitated Jack s sounds and looks. I picked up on his cue and copied it. This is in-line with Trevarthen, ( 1977:255 ) Play taking to a structured game and laughter, develops manus in manus with primary intersubjectivity . Interaction starts really early. Pre-verbal communicating is the beginning of child linguistic communication accomplishments. Schaffer ( 1996 ) engaged together utilizing a assortment of duologue between doing sounds, motion touch and a assortment of facial looks. Children will besides mirror what they are shown. Murray and Andrew, ( 2000:52 ) The parent s mirroring is a manner of conveying their credence of the babe and it can both affirm and enrich the babe s experiences . In appendix B:2, column 3 Jack mirrored his Dendranthema grandifloruom s face signals. A babe s stress degree demands to be considered as Lyon et Al ( 2000 ) suggested a high degree of control could impact later emotional life for that kid. This will impact their wellbeing. In my observation I was cognizant of the importance non to emphasize babe Jack and to follow his modus operandi. This is apparent in B:1, column 2 and B:2, column 2. Harmonizing to Balbernie, ( 2001 ) Relationships are indispensable to the babe s wellness and wellbeing, and find their future potency and life opportunities. This was of import for me to understand as I engaged with baby Jack. As a practician relationships with kids under three old ages play an of import function in the kid s future results. Challenges for a kid being at place may be that they live far off from other kids and non hold any siblings. Besides parents are passing more clip off from place due to work committednesss. Dryden, ( 2005 ) feels practicians will necessitate to be argus-eyed of a kid who may non be used to sharing or new/loud noises. The kid may besides non be used to sharing the important grownup. The scene has to be a high acquisition environment for kids up to three old ages. Adults have a duty to hold a cognition and apprehension of kid development. Adults do hold an influence in a kid s development. As households may besides inquire for advice, a practician needs to be able to back up them or hold an apprehension when they need to seek farther advice from another beginning. These are all facets that Dryden ( 2005 ) considers to be of import. Working in partnership with parents sharing information and affecting them in their kid s uninterrupted acquisition and development . This is stated in The Early Years Foundation Stage, point 1.27. Harmonizing to Frobel, Montessori and Steiner each phase of a kid s development is of import and requires sensitive and appropriate handling. They believed in looking at a kid s accomplishment instead than what a kid struggles to make. However as I was working with a kid of a immature age I was cognizant of his encephalon cells organizing quickly. Harmonizing to Dowling, ( 2010 ) A immature encephalon grows quickly through centripetal experiences, touch, gustatory sensation, touch hearing, seeing and odor . I felt with the experiences B1-B3 I contributed to Jack s larning whilst maintaining his modus operandi in topographic point. Different theoretical accounts can be used to see a kid s development. The checklist theoretical account is where a practician can see what a kid can or can non accomplish. The medical theoretical account is whereby seen if a kid is healthy. Another theoretical account is the shortage theoretical account. This is where an grownup will take activities in order to prove whether a kid has acquired cognition or developed a accomplishment. The Early Years Foundation Stage has a profile graduated table brochure, which practicians may utilize to help them with their observations and appraisal of a kid s development. Bowlby s ( 1969 ) theory points out babes and immature kids can go close to a little figure of grownups. Babies are besides born to seek secure fond regards ; they need comfort and have physical and emotional demands. A kid who has a unafraid fond regard may fight to settle into a nursery scene if non offered chances to blend with other grownups and kids. Bowlby s ( 1998 ) work demonstrates a kid in out-of-home scene will look for another grownup to be their important cardinal individual. A practician will necessitate to be cognizant a kid may experience vulnerable at arrival clip, alterations within the rumpus room and other grownups in the room. Dryden, ( 2005 ) expresses the importance of a practician working with the kid and household to develop a close professional relationship. The kid will see the household engagement with their cardinal worker and this will enable the kid to organize a secure fond regard to the cardinal worker/practitioner. Whalley and the Pen Green Centre Team, ( 1997 ) besides believe practicians and parents should portion information about the kid s drama behavior at place and within the scene. This will assist to supply a good apprehension of the benefits to the kid and to enable a close relationship to back up their drama. A challenge to this would be if parents were unwilling to work aboard the scene and with staff. In Early Years Foundation Stage Principle 1.4 one of the subjects emphasises that every kid is alone and has the ability to larn and develop in a confident mode. This will let practicians to understand the importance of being in melody with kids and this can be done through cognition of kid development and observations. Recording of information is besides of import for sharing information. This is outlined in the Pre-Birth to Three counsel. The Pre-Birth to Three, Positive Outcomes for Scots Children and Families papers is the national counsel for practicians working with kids under the age of three and for other grownups who are involved with kids. It is besides to do a smoother passage before kids begin to prosecute with the Curriculum For Excellence. Peoples may dispute if kids need a course of study for such an early age. Dryden, ( 2005 ) believes an early old ages curriculum must be examined to see the experiences that are of most relevancy to really immature kids. Dryden stresses that a course of study at the age of under three is non appropriate. Researchers Gopnik, Meltzoff and Kuhl ( 1999 ) believed babes learn through experience. A practician can offer experiences and chances in the early old ages to spread out their acquisition whilst utilizing a course of study for counsel. Pre-Birth to Three counsel provinces Supporting and supplying appropriate challenges for babes and immature kids is cardinal to accomp lishing positive results in the hereafter . A course of study for the kids under three harmonizing to Manning-Morton and Thorp, ( 2001 ) should be about concentrating on what kids can make either with or without support and non what they should be making at a certain age. Children s experience s under three old ages is the foundation of their hereafter. Children need positive relationships, interaction and chances to larn to turn to their full potency. Partnerships with parents and bureaus offer a community of support to the person. The function of the grownup is critical to the kid larning whether it be in the place or a drama puting. When be aftering to run into with baby Jack I communicated good with his female parent via the phone and by demoing her the information sing my work at university. This excessively is of import in a scene. This is in-line with the Pre-Birth to Three counsel developing effectual communicating systems . To run into all the kids demands, practicians will confront troubles in big scenes. Practitioners should see Bruce ( 1987 ) Principle 7 What babes and immature kids can instead than can non make is the get downing point of the kid s drama, acquisition and instruction. Time will besides play an of import factor in a prac tician s ability to run into the demands of kids, particularly under three old ages, as they are all persons and have peculiar modus operandis.